IoT - Internet of things Capsule/Notes

IoT - Internet of things Capsule/Notes by Aryadrj

Hello everyone, Welcome to Aryadrj Technologies-A Information Technology website, In this Page We are going to share some useful information about IoT- Internet of things.

And this capsule is only to get basic idea of Components/Theory.

Topic covered:

What is IoT?

Architecture of IOT.

IoT life cycle.
Few Applications of IoT.
IOT Application Scenario 1- Shopping.
IOT Application Scenario 2- Smart city.
IOT Application Scenario 3- Health Application.
Prediction.

IOT and Digitization.

Sensors.

Why are sensors used for?
Types of sensors.

Accelerometers sensors.
Temperature sensors
Light sensors
Mems sensors
Switch sensors
What is an actuator?
Hydraulic actuator
Pneumatic actuator
Mechanical actuator
Electrical actuator
3 Main Technologies for IoT

Standard Wireless Access.
Private Long Range.
Mobile IoT Technologies.

Application Protocols for IoT

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT).
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP).
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP).
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP).

IOT communication protocols comparison

Cloud v/s Fog.

Some Points.
What is genesis of IOT?

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1. What is IoT?

IoT or Internet of Things, which implies the ecosystem of connected physical objects that are accessible through the web or internet, is directly impacting our lives and business.

The Internet of Things is the network of physical objects or things embedded with electronics, softwares , sensors and network connectivity which enables these object and exchange data.

Internet of things

1.1 Architecture of IOT.

2. IOT (Internet of things ) life cycle.

Collect
Communicate
Analyze
Act

Internet of things lifecycle

Collection: Devices and sensors are collecting data everywhere like

At your home,
At your car,
At the office,
In the manufacturing plant.

Communicate: Sending data and events through networks to some destination.

A Cloud platform,
Private data center,
Home network.

Analyze: Creating information from the data

Visualizing the data,
Building reports,
Filtering data [paring it down].

Action: Taking action based on the knowledge/info and data.

Communicate with another machine (M2M),
Send a notification [sms,email,text],
Talk to another system.

3. Few Applications of IoT

Building and Home automation,
Medical and Healthcare systems,
Media,
Environmental Monitoring,
Infrastructure management,
Energy Management,
Transportation etc.

4. IOT Application Scenario 1- Shopping

When entering the doors,scanners will identify the tags on her clothing.
When shopping within the market,the goods will introduce themselves.
When moving the products,the reader will tell the staff to place a replacement one.
When paying for the products,the microchip of the mastercard will communicate with checkout reader.

IOT Application Scenario-Shopping.

5. IOT Application Scenario 2- Smart city

Source: McKinsey internal research, GSMA: IOT Application Scenario 2- Smart city

In cities, the development/events of smart grids, data analytics and autonomous vehicles will provide an intelligent platform to deliver innovations in energy management, traffic management and security, sharing the benefits of this technology throughout society.
Smart street lights dim based on ambient conditions to save energy cost.
Real time updates for passengers via smart devices or display panel/board.
Self-driving autonomous vehicles enabling increased safety,reduced CO2 emissions, more leisure and work time for motorists.
Smart traffic lights using cameras at every signal,increasing average speed within the city.
Cameras reduce crime and enable faster response times.
Pay as you drive car insurance,charges users according to driving behaviour and can enable savings for drivers of up USD 1300 per year.

6. IOT Application Scenario 3- Health Application

Source: McKinsey, GSMA, 3millionlives UK ,IOT Application Scenario 3- Health Application

The IoT also will help widen access and improve quality of education and health. As demand for healthcare doubles 8, connected smart devices will help address this challenge by supporting a selection/variety/spread of e-health services that improve access and enable monitoring of chronic diseases and age-related conditions in the home. In doing so, they will improve the standard of care and quality of life for patients, while reducing the strain on the wider healthcare system.
Connected devices capture major health indicators and update the report/medical report in real time sending alerts.
To the doctor in order that treatment is correctly followed.
To patients in order that they can take their medicine on time.
To family members to ensure proper care taking.

7. Prediction:

7.1 IOT and Digitization

IoT focuses on connecting “things,” such as objects and machines, to a computer network, such as the Internet.
Digitization, as defined in its simplest form, is the conversion of information into a digital format.
For example, the whole photography industry has been digitized.

8. Sensors:

Why are sensors used for?

Sensors is used to sense physical quantities and convert them into digital representation.

Types of sensors:

Accelerometers sensors,
Temperature sensors,
Light sensors,
Mems sensors,
Switch sensors.

9. Accelerometers sensors:

Accelerometers sensors: Acceleration is a measure of a change in velocity(change of speed or direction). Accelerometers are devices that measure acceleration.
Example: An example of an Accelerometers sensors is chip or contributed in a moving vehicle that measures changes of speed and uses high acceleration readings(such as during an accident) to trigger an airbag to protect/guard the passengers.

10. Temperature sensors

Example of Temperature sensors 1: Monitor performance of solar panels using temperature thresholds.
Example of Temperature sensors 2: Control of temperature inside industrial fridges with delicate merchandise

11. Light sensors

Example of Light sensors: Measure the daily light in order to monitor the output of a solar plant.

12. Mems sensors

Example of Mems sensors: Use MEMS sensors of a smartphone to monitor the fitness activity of the user.

13. Switch sensors

Use a switch to turn off a power inverter in case of alert.

14. What is an actuator?

Actuators are devices used to produce action or motion.
Input(mainly electrical signal,air, fluids).
Electrical signal can be low power or high power.
Actuators output can be position or rate i. e. linear displacement or velocity.

15. Types of actuators:

Hydraulic actuator,
Pneumatic actuator,
Mechanical actuator,
Electrical actuator.

16. Hydraulic actuator:

Hydraulic system are used to control & transmit power.
A pump driven by prime motor(electric motor) creates flow of fluid.

16. Pneumatic actuator:

It convert energy formed by compressed air at high pressure into either linear or rotary motion.

17. Mechanical actuator:

Mechanical actuator typically operate by conversion of rotary motion into linear motion.
Type of mechanics.

Screw.
Wheel and axis.
Cam.

18. Electrical actuator:

Electrical actuator are mainly used in control system.
There are three types of motor used in control system.

They are D.C motor,A.C motor,Stepper motor.

19. 3 main network technologies for IoT Connectivity

The 3 main network technologies for IoT Connectivity are:

Standard Wireless Access.

WiFi, 2G, 3G and standard LTE.

Private Long Range.

LoRA based platform, Zigbee, and SigFox.

Mobile IoT Technologies.

LTE-M, NB-IoT, and EC-GSM-IoT

19.1 Standard Wireless Access

WiFi, 2G, 3G and standard LTE
This is a no brainer move. There are already many devices that use this, such as:

Smart-TVs,
Gaming consoles,
Panic buttons,
Video surveillance,
eHealth,
Fleet tracking,
Industrial IoT

19.2. Private Long Range

LoRA based platform, Zigbee, and SigFox.
The requirements of low power connectivity opened a window to private companies to develop new networks with that specific constraint at their core which are IoT native.
These private wireless networks are used for the specific proprietary network. It’s also to deploy a network which allows third-party devices to connect and build an ecosystem.
The three leading technologies in this area are, LoRAWAN, Zigbee, and SigFox.

19.3. Mobile IoT Technologies:

LTE-M, NB-IoT, and EC-GSM-IoT.
This is the response to proprietary Low Power technologies by the 3GPP. They are IoT centered flavors (or some kind of reduced versions) of the LTE standard which provides:

Longer battery life (expected up to 10 years).
Better coverage for IoT devices underground and deep inside buildings.
Smaller module size – small as a penny.
Lower costs – modules priced at well under $10.

20. Application Protocols for IoT

20.1 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT):

MQTT or Message Queuing Telemetry Transport is a publish-subscribe based lightweight messaging protocol. It is best suited for Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) communication because of its small code footprint, lower bandwidth requirements and lower power consumption on device.

Fig: Simple MQTT Architecture

20.2. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP):

The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is an open standard for passing business messages between applications. AMQP has low success rate at low bandwidths, but it increases as bandwidth increases. However, comparing AMQP with REST, AMQP can send a larger amount of messages per second.
AMQP Working Group Company:

Simple AMQP Architecture:

Simple AMQP Archiecture

20.3. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP):

The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained networks in the IoT. It runs over UDP (no TCP overhead) to keep the overall implementation lightweight and uses the HTTP commands like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to provide resource-oriented interactions.

CoAP location

20.4. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP):

XMPP is the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, a set of open technologies for instant messaging, presence, multi-party chat, voice and video calls, collaboration, lightweight middleware, content syndication, and generalized routing of XML data.

Fig: XMPP protocol architecture

21. IOT communication protocols comparison

22. What is difference between cloud and fog?

Cloud v/s fog

Some points:

IoT is changing manufacturing industry through sensors and actuators embedded in physical objects.
When it comes to IoT,people think of smart devices and wearables,but there's much more to the IoT story. It has a huge impact on the supply chain(SC) by tapping the data gathered by data-driven technologies.
Here's how richer data and deeper intelligence will help logistics and supply chain professionals

Save fuel costs

Monitor traffic in real-time and optimize fleet route.

Gain user insight

Get deeper insight on customer behaviour,purchase,history,and product usage.

Reduce redundancies

Reduce unnecessary redundancies,create fleet efficiencies and cut costs.

23. What is genesis of IOT?

Here meaning of genesis means the origin or mode of formation of something.
Before , the idea was often called “embedded internet”. But the actual term “Internet of Things” was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 during his work at Procter&Gamble.
The year 1999 was one of the most significant for the IoT history,as Kevin Ashton coined the term “the internet of things.”.

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Source:
GSMA